Background

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection through regular screening significantly reduces disease incidence and mortality. However, awareness and utilization of cervical cancer screening services remain suboptimal in many populations.

Objective

To assess awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women and identify factors influencing screening participation.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 2,000 women aged 21–65 years attending primary healthcare centers and gynecology clinics between January 2023 and December 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, awareness of cervical cancer, knowledge of screening methods, screening practices, and barriers to participation.

Results

Among the participants, 71.2% had heard of cervical cancer, while only 56.4% were aware of screening methods such as the Pap smear and HPV testing. Screening uptake was reported by 38.7% of participants. Higher education level, urban residence, healthcare access, and physician recommendation were significantly associated with increased screening participation (p < 0.001). Fear, lack of knowledge, and limited access to healthcare facilities were major barriers to screening.

Conclusion

Although awareness of cervical cancer is relatively high, screening participation remains inadequate. Targeted educational programs, healthcare provider engagement, and improved access to screening services are essential to increase screening uptake and reduce cervical cancer burden.