Medical Letter (MedLetter) is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in research involving human participants and animals. The journal follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to ensure that all published research complies with internationally accepted ethical principles.

Research Involving Human Participants

Authors must ensure that studies involving human participants:

• Receive approval from an appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee.

• Are conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations.

• Include written informed consent from all participants or their legal guardians.

• Protect the privacy, dignity, and confidentiality of participants.

Research Involving Animals

Studies involving animals must:

• Be approved by the relevant Animal Ethics Committee before the study begins.

• Comply with national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.

• Minimize animal suffering and use the fewest animals necessary to achieve scientific objectives.

• Clearly state the ethical approval details within the manuscript.

Editorial Policy

The journal reserves the right to request ethical approval documents or informed consent statements during the editorial process. Manuscripts that fail to meet ethical requirements or violate COPE and ICMJE guidelines may be rejected or withdrawn from consideration.